2009 Clinical Issues in HIV Medicine: Recent Advances & Challenges

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Introduction

HIV Care in 2009: Therapeutic Progress, but Complex Challenges Remain

Author(s): Kenneth H. Mayer and Daniel R. Kuritzkes

pp. 3-9

When to Start Antiretroviral Therapy?

Author(s): Timothy J. Wilkin and Roy M. Gulick

pp. 10-16

Do Benefits of Earlier Antiretroviral Treatment Initiation Outweigh Harms for Individuals at Risk for Poor Adherence?

Author(s): R. Scott Braithwaite, Mark S. Roberts, Matthew Bidwell Goetz, Cynthia L. Gibert, Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas, Kimberly Nucifora, and Amy C. Justice

pp. 17-18

Editorial Commentary: Balancing Adherence Concerns with the Risks of HIV Disease Progression

Author(s): Steven C. Johnson

pp. 19-26

Incomplete Peripheral CD4+ Cell Count Restoration in HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Long-Term Antiretroviral Treatment

Author(s): Colleen F. Kelley, Christina M. R. Kitchen, Peter W. Hunt, Benigno Rodriguez, Frederick M. Hecht, Mari Kitahata, Heide M. Crane, James Willig, Michael Mugavero, Michael Saag, Jeffrey N. Martin, and Steven G. Deeks

pp. 27-29

Editorial Commentary: The Paradox of Incomplete CD4+ Cell Count Restoration Despite Successful Antiretroviral Treatment and the Need to Start Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Early

Author(s): Boris Julg and Bruce D. Walker

pp. 30-38

Low-Abundance Drug-Resistant Viral Variants in Chronically HIV-Infected, Antiretroviral Treatment–Naive Patients Significantly Impact Treatment Outcomes

Author(s): Birgitte B. Simen, Jan Fredrik Simons, Katherine Huppler Hullsiek, Richard M. Novak, Rodger D. MacArthur, John D. Baxter, Chunli Huang, Christine Lubeski, Gregory S. Turenchalk, Michael S. Braverman, Brian Desany, Jonathan M. Rothberg, Michael Egholm, and Michael J. Kozal for the Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS

pp. 39-41

Editorial Commentary: Low-Abundance Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Variants: Finding Significance in an Era of Abundant Diagnostic and Therapeutic Options

Author(s): Robert W. Shafer

pp. 42-44

Rate of Comorbidities Not Related to HIV Infection or AIDS among HIV-Infected Patients, by CD4 Cell Count and HAART Use Status

Author(s): Richard D. Moore, Kelly A. Gebo, Gregory M. Lucas, and Jeanne C. Keruly

pp. 45-52

Race and Sex Differences in Antiretroviral Therapy Use and Mortality among HIV-Infected Persons in Care

Author(s): Diana C. Lemly, Bryan E. Shepherd, Todd Hulgan, Peter Rebeiro, Samuel Stinnette, Robert B. Blackwell, Sally Bebawy, Asghar Kheshti, Timothy R. Sterling, and Stephen P. Raffanti

pp. 53-61

Cumulative HIV Viremia during Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Is a Strong Predictor of AIDS-Related Lymphoma

Author(s): Alexander Zoufaly, Hans-Ju¨rgen Stellbrink, Matthias an der Heiden, Christian Kollan, Christian Hoffmann, Jan van Lunzen, Osamah Hamouda, and the ClinSurv Study Group

pp. 62-64

Editorial Commentary: HIV Viremia and the Development of AIDS-Related Lymphoma in Patients Treated with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

Author(s): Caroline A. Sabin

pp. 65-73

Emergence and Persistence of CXCR4-Tropic HIV-1 in a Population of Men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study

Author(s): James C. Shepherd, Lisa P. Jacobson, Wei Qiao, Beth D. Jamieson, John P. Phair, Paolo Piazza, Thomas C. Quinn, and Joseph B. Margolick

pp. 74-76

Editorial Commentary: HIV-1 Tropism, Disease Progression, and Clinical Management

Author(s): Harold Burger and Donald Hoover

pp. 77-79

HIV-Associated Opportunistic Infections—Going, Going, But Not Gone: The Continued Need for Prevention and Treatment Guidelines

Author(s): John T. Brooks, Jonathan E. Kaplan, King K. Holmes, Constance Benson, Alice Pau, and Henry Masur

pp. 80-87

Exogenous Reinfection as a Cause of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Rural South Africa

Author(s): Jason R. Andrews, Neel R. Gandhi, Prashini Moodley, N. Sarita Shah, Louise Bohlken, Anthony P. Moll, Manormoney Pillay, Gerald Friedland, and A. Willem Sturm on behalf of the Tugela Ferry Care and Research Collaboration

pp. 88-89

Editorial Commentary: Primary Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis among HIV-Infected Persons: What Does the Future Hold in Store?

Author(s): C. Robert Horsburgh Jr.

pp. 90-95

Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research Agenda and Recommendations for Priority Research

Author(s): Anthony S. Fauci and the NIAID Tuberculosis Working Group

pp. 96-103

Incidence, Clinical Presentation, and Outcome of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in HIV-Infected Patients during the Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era: A Nationwide Cohort Study

Author(s): Frederik Neess Engsig, Ann-Brit Eg Hansen, Lars Haukali Omland, Gitte Kronborg, Jan Gerstoft, Alex Lund Laursen, Court Pedersen, Christian Backer Mogensen, Lars Nielsen, and Niels Obel

pp. 104-111

Incidence and Outcome of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy over 20 Years of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study

Author(s): Nina Khanna, Luigia Elzi, Nicolas J. Mueller, Christian Garzoni, Matthias Cavassini, Christoph A. Fux, Pietro Vernazza, Enos Bernasconi, Manuel Battegay, and Hans H. Hirsch, for the Swiss HIV Cohort Study

pp. 112-118

Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus Disease: Kaposi Sarcoma, Primary Effusion Lymphoma, and Multicentric Castleman Disease

Author(s): Ryan J. Sullivan, Liron Pantanowitz, Corey Casper, Justin Stebbing, and Bruce J. Dezube

pp. 119-126

High-Dose Amphotericin B with Flucytosine for the Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis in HIV-Infected Patients: A Randomized Trial

Author(s): Tihana Bicanic, Robin Wood, Graeme Meintjes, Kevin Rebe, Annemarie Brouwer, Angela Loyse, Linda-Gail Bekker, Shabbar Jaffar, and Thomas Harrison

pp. 127-128

Editorial Commentary: Dosing Amphotericin B in Cryptococcal Meningitis

Author(s): William G. Powderly

pp. 129-137

Kidney Disease in Patients with HIV Infection and AIDS

Author(s): Jonathan Winston, Gilbert Deray, Trevor Hawkins, Lynda Szczech, Christina Wyatt, and Benjamin Young

pp. 138-148

A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Maraviroc in Treatment-Experienced Patients Infected with Non-R5 HIV-1

Author(s): Michael Saag, James Goodrich, Gerd Fa¨tkenheuer, Bonaventura Clotet, Nathan Clumeck, John Sullivan, Mike Westby, Elna van der Ryst, and Howard Mayer, for the A4001029 Study Group

pp. 149-155

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: A Reappraisal

Author(s): Martyn A. French

pp. 156-162

Male Circumcision and Risk of HIV Infection among Heterosexual African American Men Attending Baltimore Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics

Author(s): Lee Warner, Khalil G. Ghanem, Daniel R. Newman, Maurizio Macaluso, Patrick S. Sullivan, and Emily J. Erbelding

pp. 163-165