2010 Clinical Issues in HIV Medicine: Recent Advances & Challenges

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Introduction

Sustaining Success: Challenges in a Resource-Constrained Era

Authors: Kenneth H. Mayer and Daniel R. Kuritzkes

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pp. 3-13

Maraviroc versus Efavirenz, Both in Combination with Zidovudine-Lamivudine, for the Treatment of Antiretroviral-Naive Subjects with CCR5-Tropic HIV-1 Infection

Authors: David A. Cooper, Jayvant Heera, James Goodrich, Margaret Tawadrous, Michael Saag, Edwin DeJesus, Nathan Clumeck, Sharon Walmsley, Naitee Ting, Eoin Coakley, Jacqueline D. Reeves, Gustavo Reyes-Teran, Mike Westby, Elna Van Der Ryst, Prudence Ive, Lerato Mohapi, Horacio Mingrone, Andrzej Horban, Frances Hackman, John Sullivan, and Howard Mayer, for the MERIT Study Team

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pp. 14-16

Maraviroc for Treatment-Naïve Patients with HIV-1 Infection: Is the Glass Half Empty or Half Full?

Author: Paul E. Sax

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pp. 17-25

Low Frequency Nonnucleoside Reverse-Transcriptase Inhibitor-Resistant Variants Contribute to Failure of Efavirenz-Containing Regimens in Treatment-Experienced Patients

Authors: Elias K. Halvas, Ann Wiegand, Valerie F. Boltz, Mary Kearney, Dwight Nissley, Michael Wantman, Scott M. Hammer, Sarah Palmer, Florin Vaida, John M. Coffin, and John W. Mellors

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pp. 26-35

Pre-existing Minority Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Variants, Adherence, and Risk of Antiretroviral Treatment Failure

Authors: Roger Paredes, Christina M. Lalama, Heather J. Ribaudo, Bruce R. Schackman, Cecilia Shikuma, Francoise Giguel, William A. Meyer III, Victoria A. Johnson, Susan A. Fiscus, Richard T. D’Aquila, Roy M. Gulick, and Daniel R. Kuritzkes; for the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) A5095 Study Team

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pp. 26-38

When Do Minority Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Variants Have a Major Clinical Impact?

Authors: Walid Heneine

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pp. 39-48

Clinical Implications of Genotypic Resistance to the Newer Antiretroviral Drugs in HIV-1-Infected Patients with Virological Failure

Authors: Josep M. Llibre, Jonathan M. Schapiro, and Bonaventura Clotet

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pp. 49-57

Trends in Multidrug Treatment Failure and Subsequent Mortality among Antiretroviral Therapy-Experienced Patients with HIV Infection in North America

Authors: Steven G. Deeks, Stephen J. Gange, Mari M. Kitahata, Michael S. Saag, Amy C. Justice, Robert S. Hogg, Joseph J. Eron, John T. Brooks, Sean B. Rourke, M. John Gill, Ronald J. Bosch, Constance A. Benson, Ann C. Collier, Jeffrey N. Martin, Marina B. Klein, Lisa P. Jacobson, Benigno Rodriguez, Timothy R. Sterling, Gregory D. Kirk, Sonia Napravnik, Anita R. Rachlis, Liviana M. Calzavara, Michael A. Horberg, Michael J. Silverberg, Kelly A. Gebo, Margot B. Kushel, James J. Goedert, Rosemary G. McKaig, and Richard D. Moore, for the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design

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pp. 58-67

Markers of Inflammation, Coagulation, and Renal Function Are Elevated in Adults with HIV Infection

Authors: Jacqueline Neuhaus, David R. Jacobs, Jr, Jason V. Baker, Alexandra Calmy, Daniel Duprez, Alberto La Rosa, Lewis H. Kuller, Sarah L. Pett, Matti Ristola, Michael J. Ross, Michael G. Shlipak, Russell Tracy, and James D. Neaton, for the International Network for Strategic Initiatives in Global HIV Trials (INSIGHT), Strategies for Management of Anti-Retroviral Therapy (SMART), Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), and Coronary Artery Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Research Groups

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pp. 66-68

Inflammation and Complications of HIV Disease

Authors: Michael P. Dube´ and Fred R. Sattler

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pp.69-81

Risk of Myocardial Infraction in Patients with HIV Infection Exposed to Specific Inpidual Antiretroviral Drugs from the 3 Major Drug Classes: The Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) Study

Authors: Signe Westring Worm, Caroline Sabin, Rainer Weber, Peter Reiss, Wafaa El-Sadr, Francois Dabis, Stephane De Wit, Matthew Law, Antonella D’Arminio Monforte, Nina Friis-Møller, Ole Kirk, Eric Fontas, Ian Weller, Andrew Phillips, and Jens Lundgren, for the D:A:D Study Group

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pp. 82-84

Cardiac Risk: Not So Simple

Authors: Judith A. Aberg and Heather Ribaudo

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pp. 85-94

Causes of Death in HIV-1–Infected Patients Treated with Antiretroviral Therapy, 1996-2006: Collaborative Analysis of 13 HIV Cohort Studies

Author: The Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration

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pp. 95-203

Racial and Sex Disparities in Life Expectancy Losses among HIV-Infected Persons in the United States: Impact of Risk Behavior, Late Initiation, and Early Discontinuation of Antiretroviral Therapy

Authors: Elena Losina, Bruce R. Schackman, Sara N. Sadownik, Kelly A. Gebo, Rochelle P. Walensky, John J. Chiosi, Milton C. Weinstein, Perrin L. Hicks, Wendy H. Aaronson, Richard D. Moore, A. David Paltiel, and Kenneth A. Freedberg

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pp. 104-113

Retaining HIV-Infected Patients in Care: Where Are We? Where Do We Go from Here?

Authors: Elizabeth Horstmann, Jillian Brown, Fareesa Islam, Johanna Buck, and Bruce D. Agins

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pp. 114-117

Paying the Price for Late Starts and Early Stops: Racial and Sex Disparities in HIV Related Mortality

Author: Kimberly Y. Smith

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pp. 117-128

Macronutrient Supplementation for Malnourished HIV-Infected Adults: A Review of the Evidence in Resource-Adequate and Resource-Constrained Settings

Authors: John R. Koethe, Benjamin H. Chi, Karen M. Megazzini, Douglas C. Heimburger, and Jeffrey S. A. Stringer

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pp. 129-132

The Impact of The President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPfAR) beyond HIV and Why It Remains Essential

Authors: Rochelle P. Walensky and Daniel R. Kuritzkes

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pp. 133-142

HIV-Associated Tuberculosis: Clinical Update

Authors: Soumya Swaminathan, C. Padmapriyadarsini, and G. Narendran

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pp. 143-154

Treatment of Active Tuberculosis in HIV-Coinfected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Authors: Faiz A. Khan, Jessica Minion, Madhukar Pai, Sarah Royce, William Burman, Anthony D. Harries, and Dick Menzies

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pp. 155-165

Initial Response to Protease-Inhibitor-Based Antiretroviral Therapy among Children Less than 2 Years of Age in South Africa: Effect of Cotreatment for Tuberculosis

Authors: Cordula Reitz, Ashraf Coovadia, Stephen Ko, Tammy Meyers, Renate Strehlau, Gayle Sherman, Louise Kuhn, and Elaine J. Abrams

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pp. 166-167

Antiretroviral Therapy in Children with Tuberculosis: Progress toward Defining the Issues

Authors: Mark F. Cotton, Helena Rabie, and Gert U. van Zyl

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pp. 168-171

High Frequency of Clinically Significant Mutations after First-Line Generic Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Failure: Implications for Second-Line Options in Resource-Limited Settings

Authors: N. Kumarasamy, Vidya Madhavan, Kartik K. Venkatesh, S. Saravanan, Rami Kantor, P. Balakrishnan, Bella Devaleenal, S. Poongulali, Tokugha Yepthomi, Suniti Solomon, Kenneth H. Mayer, Constance Benson, and Robert Schooley

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pp. 172-180

Misclassification of First-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Failure Based on Immunological Monitoring of HIV Infection in Resource-Limited Settings

Authors: Rami Kantor, Lameck Diero, Allison DeLong, Lydia Kamle, Sarah Muyonga, Fidelis Mambo, Eunice Walumbe, Wilfred Emonyi, Philip Chan, E. Jane Carter, Joseph Hogan, and Nathan Buziba

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pp. 181-183

Monitoring HIV Antiretroviral Therapy in Resource-Limited Settings: Time to Avoid Costly Outcomes

Authors: Frederick K. Sawe and James A. McIntyre

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pp. 184-194

Meta-Analysis: Increased Mortality Associated with Hepatitis C in HIV-Infected Persons Is Unrelated to HIV Disease Progression

Authors: Ting-Yi Chen, Eric L. Ding, George R. Seage III, and Arthur Y. Kim

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pp. 195-204

Prenatal Protease Inhibitor Use and Risk of Preterm Birth among HIV-Infected Women Initiating Antiretroviral Drugs during Pregnancy

Authors: Kunjal Patel, David E. Shapiro, Susan B. Brogly, Elizabeth G. Livingston, Alice M. Stek, Arlene D. Bardeguez, and Ruth E. Tuomala, for the P1025 team of the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group

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pp. 205-208

Antiretroviral Drug Use during Pregnancy and Risk of Premature Delivery: Is There a Connection?

Author: Athena P. Kourtis

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pp. 208-217

HIV Testing in a High-Incidence Population: Is Antibody Testing Alone Good Enough?

Authors: Joanne D. Stekler, Paul D. Swenson, Robert W. Coombs, Joan Dragavon, Katherine K. Thomas, Catherine A. Brennan, Sushil G. Devare, Robert W. Wood, and Matthew R. Golden

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pp. 218-225

Male Circumcision Decreases Acquisition and Increases Clearance of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in HIV-Negative Men: A Randomized Trial in Rakai, Uganda

Authors: Ronald H. Gray, David Serwadda, Xiangrong Kong, Frederick Makumbi, Godfrey Kigozi, Patti E. Gravitt, Stephen Watya, Fred Nalugoda, Victor Ssempijja, Aaron A. R. Tobian, Noah Kiwanuka, Lawrence H. Moulton, Nelson K. Sewankambo, Steven J. Reynolds, Thomas C. Quinn, Boaz Iga, Oliver Laeyendecker, Amy E. Oliver, and Maria J. Wawer

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pp. 226-228

Adult Male Circumcision: Will It Reduce Disease Caused by Human Papillomavirus?

Authors: Raphael P. Viscidi and Keerti V. Shah

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Special Supplement, i–iii

A Case Study in Changing Unsafe Sex Behavior: A Latino Man Who Has Sex with Men and Women

Author: David Hardy

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Printing of the 2010 edition was supported by unrestricted grants from the Prevention IS Care campaign; Gilead Sciences and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Inc.